Spark-arrester



2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.)

J. A. PAULLIN. SPARK ARRESTER.

Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. A. PAULLIN. SPARK ARRESTER.

No. 473,235. Patented Apr. 19, 1892.

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JOSEPH A. PAULLIN, or KANSAS orrY, MISSOURI.

SPARK-ARR'ESTER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 473,235, dated April 19, 1892.

Application filed December 10, 1891- Serial No. 414,592. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, J OSEPH A. PAULLIN, of Kansas City, Jackson county, Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Spark-Arresters, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to appliances for preventing the escape of sparks, incandescent cinders, and the like from the stacks of locomotives, thrashing-engines, steam-rollers, and various other types of portable and stationary boilers or furnaces; and the objects of my invention are to produce a spark-arrester which shall be simple, inexpensive, and durable in construction and which shall effectively prevent the escape of sparks and hot cinders without in any manner interfering with the freedom of the draft or exhaust.

A still further object of my invention is to produce a spark-arrester which shall be capable of application to the ordinary straight type of locomotive or other straight stack and also equally capable of application to the diamond stacks of locomotives and other engines and boilers.

A still further object of my invention is to provide a spark-arrester which shall continuously return the cinders to the fire-box, wherein they shall be consumed, and thus the consumption of fuel be economized.

To the above purposes my invention consists in certain peculiar and novel features of construction and arrangement, as hereinafter described and claimed.

In order that my invention may be fully understood, I will proceed to describe it with reference to the accompanying drawings, in

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a diamond stack provided with my improved spark-arrester. Fig. 2 is atransverse vertical section of the same on the line 2 2 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal cross-section of the same on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detached plan View of the blank form from which the lower deflector shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is formed. Fig. 5 is a detached view, partly in side elevation and partly in broken vertical section, of the upper head or deflector, this head being of solid form. Fig. 6 is a central transcentral transverse vertical section of a diamond stack provided with a still further modified form of the lower deflector. Fig.'11 is a detached plan view of the deflector shown in Fig. 10, said deflector being in blank or unbent form.

v In the said drawings, 1 designates the stack of a locomotive, portable engine, (such as a thrashing-engine, roadengine, &c.,) or of a stationary engine and boiler of any type, the said stack being of straight cylindrical form throughout. l

2 designates the lower and 3 the upper section of a diamond stack-section. As shown, the lower section 2 is of inverted frusto-conical form, while the upper section 3 is of similar form to the lower section, but not inverted. The lower margin of the upper section laps over the outer marginal surface of the lower section, and these two lapping portions are secured together by riveting or in any other suitable or preferred manner. Atits lower end the lower section 2 is formed with a collar 4, which surrounds the upper part of the stack, said stack extending upwardly through the collar 4 and into the lower part of the lower section 2 for approximately the proportional distance shown. The diamond or double frusto-conical top portion 2 3 of the device is retained securely in position by a split band or ring 5, which surrounds the collar at externally and the ends of which are turned outwardly to form ears 6. Transversely through these cars extends a bolt 7, upon one end of which is screwed a nut 8, the arrangement being such that the band is strained tightly around the collar 4 and the diamond portion 2 3 is thus held securely in position.

In the upper end of the diamond portion 2 3, or, in other words, in the opening at the mazes apex of the upper section 3, is located a head 9, which is of less diameter than that of the opening in which it is located. In Figs. 2 and 6 this head or defiector is shown as of concavo-convex form, the concave side of the head being shown as placed downward and the convex side upward in Fig. 2. In Fig. 5 the head 9 is shown as of solid form, its lower surface 10 being straight and its upper surface being of convex form. In either of these forms the edge or margin of the head or deflector is preferably circular in form, so as to be concentric with the margin of the opening in the top or apex of the diamood or double conical portion 2 It is to be understood that I propose not only to form this head either concave-convex or plano-convex, but that I propose to place it in the opening with its convex surface either uppermost or lowermost, and consequently with its concave or plane surface, as the case may be, either uppermost or lowermost, as shall be found preferable. In either event the head is retained in position by any suitable number of angularly-bent arms 11, the inner extremities of which are riveted to the outer or marginal parts of the heads and the outer ends of which are similarly secured to the inner surface of the upper sect-ion 3 of the diamond.

12 designates a frusto-conical screen of wirecloth, finely-perforated sheet metal, or other foraminous material, the upper edge or margin of which is riveted or otherwise securely attached to the head or upper deflector near its margin. This screen is of such size as to leave a continuous space between its outer surface and the inner surface of the upper stack-section 3 and corresponds in length with said upper section, as shown. The lower margin of this screen is riveted or otherwise suit- 'ably and securely attached to a circular band 13, and said band is properly centered in the middle of the diamond by any desired number of bolts or rivets 1a, which extend radially through the band 13 and similarly outward therefrom, and which also pass radially through the lapping margins of the upper and lower sections 2 and 3 of the diamond.

15 designatesa hole or opening, which is formed in one side of the lower diamond-section 2 at the lower part thereof, as shown, and 16 designates a deflector, which is located within the said lower section. This deflector is formed of a single piece of sheet metal or other suitable material, and when in blank form is of approximately double triangular form, as shown in Fig. 4. Vhen in proper operative position within the diamond or the double frusto-conical portion 2 3 of the stack, this lower deflector is folded circularly, and is placed in vertical oblique position within the lower conical portion 2 of the diamond, so that the middle angle of the deflector shall lie in contact with the inner surface of the lower diamond-section 2 at one side and at the upper part of the same. The middle of the bend of this deflector 16 thus lies horizontally in the upper part of the lower diamondsection 2 and its end portions extend obliquely downward and laterally to the point of location of the opening 15, the inner margin of the lower parts of the arms of said deflcctor touching or being closelyadjacent to the outer surface of the upper part of the stack 1. This deflector 10 is to be riveted or otherwise suitably secured in the described position within the diamond.

In Figs. 8 and-9 I have shown a modified form of the lower deflector, said deflector being designated by the reference-numeral17 and being in this instance of crescent form, as is best shown in Fig. 9. This deflector extends, as before, obliquely downward and across the interior of the lower section 2 of the diamond, its ends converging to the opening 15. The upper or middle portion of the deflector is not in this instance horizontal, as before, but is inclined downwardly and transversely coincidently with the remaining portion of the deflector.

In Figs. 10 and 11 I have shown a still further modification of the form of the lower deflector, said deflector being designated by the reference-numeral 18. The'deliector 18 is of approximately equilateral triangular form and is bent circularly so as to extend obliquely downward and across the stack and to converge at its ends to the opening 15, as before. The upper or middle part of this deflectorinclines obliquely downward and across the stack in a direction opposite from that of its body portion and ends. In all forms of the deflector, however, the action is the samethat is to say, the sparks, cinders, 1350., after,

falling upon the deflector are directed along the inner surface of the lower diamond-section and out of the opening 15.

In Fig. 7 I have shown a pipe 19 as inserted at its front end into the opening 15 and as extending obliquely rearward and downward along the boiler 20. The rear end of this pipe 19 is inserted into one side of the fire-box 21 of the locomotive, so as to communicate with the interior of the same, and it is to be understood that the pipe is in any event so inserted into the side of the fire-box as to communicate with the interior thereof at a point considerably to the rear of the boiler-fines. The result is that the draft from the fire-box through the fines creates a suction in the pipe 19, and thus continuously draws the sparks, cinders, &c., from the stack into the box, where they are consumed.

The operation of the above-described structures is as follows: As the exhaust-steam escapes from the straight stack 1, it draws the smoke, sparks, and burning or incandescent cinders with it and throws them upward into the diamond. The smoke passes readily through the screen 12 and upward out of the diamond, while the sparks and cinders are thrown against the inner surface of the head 9 and the screen and are caused to rebound until all fire is exhausted from them and until the finer particles are so broken up as to pass readily through the screen. The coarser particles not so broken fall upon the lower deflector and are directed by it around and downward relative to the stack 1, and are thus led to the opening 15, out of which they pass.

From the above description it will be seen that I have produced a spark-arrester which is simple, durable, and inexpensive in construction and by means of which the omission of sparks and incandescent cinders is effectually prevented, and which, moreover, does not in any way retard either the draft or the escape of exhaust-steam.

It isto be understood that, while I have described a form of diamond which is designed to be applied to straight stacks and which thus forms a part of my invention, I propose to apply the remaining parts of the spark-arrester to smoke-stacks which are already provided with diamonds. I desire to be further understood that, while I propose to use the spark-arrester principally upon railway-locomotives, I propose to also apply it to the stacks of other locomotives, engines, and stationary engin es and boile r-stacks generally.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein, and desire to secure by 2. A spark-arrester comprising a diamond or double frusto conical stack, a reverted frusto-conical foraminous screen located with in the upper part of said stack, the upper end of said screen extending within the top opening of the stack and the lower end of said screen being in horizontal alignment with the juncture of the upper and lower stack-cones, and, furthermore, the sides of the screen being parallel with the sides of the upper stacksection, and a deflector of less diameter than the top opening of the stack and located immediately within said top opening, substantially as set forth.

3. A spark-arrester comprising a lower cylindrical stack section, an upper diamond stack-section composed of two frusto-conical sections united horizontally at their bases, the upper end of the cylindrical section projecting upward within the lower end of the diamond-section, and a deflector extending at its ends downward and outward from the upper part of the cylindrical stack section and wholly closing the space between the outer surface of said stack-section and the inner surface of the lower diamond-section, the upper or middle ortion of said deflector wholly closing the space between the outer surface of the upper end of the cylindrical stack-section and the inner surface of the lower diamond-section' and extending obliquely outward and downward in said space, substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH A. PAULLIN. 

